SISTEM MONITORING LEVEL AIR RESERVOIR PDAM BERBASIS IoT MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK

Abstract

The availability of clean water requires effective reservoir management and timely information on water levels. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water level monitoring system for a PDAM reservoir using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller. The research was conducted on a laboratory-scale reservoir prototype. The ultrasonic sensor measures the distance between the sensor and the water surface, while the ESP32 processes the measurement into water level information and transmits it through WiFi to Firebase Realtime Database. A Reservoir Monitoring System (SMR) application developed with Kodular displays the water-level percentage, water volume, reservoir status, and pump status in real time. System testing included sensor accuracy, relay response, IoT connectivity, application display, and integrated system operation. The sensor test at five reference distances of 9, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm produced an average measurement difference of 0.18 cm, an average error of 0.97%, and an accuracy of 99.03%. The IoT connectivity test achieved a 100% success rate in five trials for WiFi, Firebase, and application data transmission. The filling pump operated automatically when the water level was below 45% and stopped when the level reached or exceeded 90%, while the distribution pump could be controlled manually through the SMR application. The results indicate that the developed prototype can integrate measurement, data transmission, real-time visualization, and pump control in a single IoT-based system.